Section 10: Industry Standards, Building Regulations and Specifications
10.1 Background
Significant progress has been made on adopting a uniformly accepted building code and industry standards. However, the scope and content of existing standards varies substantially from country to country. Even the best standards for tile/stone applications have had a difficult time keeping pace with new construction adhesive technology and new ceramic tile and stone products available in the marketplace. In many countries, the absence of standards specific to ceramic tile/stone installations requires the adaptation of industry standards for the performance and use of ceramic tile and stone adhesives.
Fortunately, the trend in the United States and other countries is the development of a single model building code. The United States has adopted the 2009 International Building Code. This code, has eased the regulatory problems associated with multiple building codes on which thousands of country, state and local jurisdictions base their individual building codes. In addition, the International Standards Organization (ISO) standards for ceramic tile are moving in this direction to create a common global building code.
10.2 Sustainability and Mass Transit
Mass transit infrastructure requires a long life cycle. In many cases, these facilities are being designed and constructed to last over a century and therefore must be supported with first rate building components and installation assemblies. Therefore, service life and product durability should be factored into the selection of mass transit building components. In addition, easily maintainable finish materials (e.g. tile) should be considered and specified for mass transit projects. Facility maintenance has a direct impact on environmental sustainability. In other words, safe, easy to maintain finish materials in these demanding applications equate to lower maintenance costs, longer life cycles with minimal impact on the environment and the economy. Ceramic tile and stone finishes along with low maintenance epoxy grouting systems are a natural fit for these applications. The use of these finish materials allow for minimal levels of maintenance while providing high quality and durable performance.
Greater emphasis will continue to be placed on the benefits of mass transit based mobility. To this end, an immediate need currently exists in an effort to implement best practices for the construction of sustainable mass transit systems. Many modal and intermodal mass transit systems connect various modes of transportation systems within given communities including, water transit, rail, air, and bus service. These transportation hubs provide passengers with safe travel options to reach their final destination and are becoming the preferred means of travel. In addition, many mass transit centers allow travel minded people convenient access to residential areas, retail shops, hotels and restaurants. Mass transit hubs are often at the center of urban redevelopment projects and are key community components that generate and maintain urban renewal. Proper planning, design and construction of mass transit systems will provide greater impetus for people to choose these alternatives to driving.
Sustainable building products are no longer just an added benefit to product selection and use. In many regions of the world green building codes and other green building practices are mandated for projects that receive federal or government funding. For example, in the United States federally funded projects must comply with green building standards and achieve a designated green rating under the United States Green Building Council LEED program. Therefore, the selection and use of building products that comply with these standards is mandatory. Fortunately, ceramic tile/stone and the installation materials typically fit in very nicely with these requirements. In fact a newly adopted building standard in the United States; the National Green Building Standard ICC 700-2008 sets forth the requirements for green construction / sustainability for various projects. Mass transit applications are specifically noted in Chapter 5 – Lot Selection, Preparation and Development. In addition, requirements and standards for the interior environment and other key areas are also set forth. Many finishes and their installation components can off gas volatile organic compounds. These can include chemicals, odors from fibers, or fumes from building materials as they are curing and drying. Many of the building materials used in today’s construction methods do contain products that can cause some of the problems mentioned at the outset.
Third party green building certification organizations (e.g. GREENGUARD) help specifiers and designers to choose products that comply with the latest green building standards and codes. Many of the products manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc. are independently certified by GREENGUARD as low VOC compliant. LATICRETE product GREENGUARD certificates are available on the LATICRETE web site at www.laticrete.com/green or at www.greenguard.org. LATICRETE has also introduced the LATICRETE LEED Project Certification Assistant to help tile contractors, distributors, architects, and specifiers easily obtain all of the information required for LEED certification. Please visit www.laticrete.com to use this excellent tool.
Background on the Green Building Movement
The term “green” when used in discussions that concern buildings and construction; signifies healthy and environmentally friendly products and buildings. The respiratory and allergic reactions of building occupants can, in many instances, be traced back to the VOC emission of some of the products within the structure. In one study, it was determined that people are indoors approximately 90% of the time. With that in mind, good indoor air quality is vitally important. The design community has long recognized this fact and has inspired federal and state organizations to create programs that are designed to target the issue of indoor air quality. There are literally dozens of programs currently running that have established guidelines to address this issue. For example, note what the State of California EPA had to say on the matter of finish materials and adhesives that contain formaldehyde (a known polluter of indoor air), “One of the most common pollutants found in indoor air is formaldehyde, a carcinogen often emitted by pressed-wood products, adhesives and fabrics. It can cause severe headaches, sensory irritation, nausea, rashes and cancer.” In testing, the State of California EPA OEHHA has identified up to 60 hazardous substances, including formaldehyde that are commonly used in buildings. The project specifications for the Capitol Area East End Complex have established maximum modeled indoor air chemical concentrations for those compounds and formaldehyde.” (Air Quality Sciences, 2002, p.25). More and more end users and design professionals are recognizing that a healthy building environment is an essential part of the community. Hand in hand with the health issues of our buildings comes the sustainability and quality of building materials used. What does this actually mean? Simply put, sustainability can be defined as how long will the products used in a structure last before they have to be replaced or repaired. For example, how long will the ceramic tile or stone finish last on a wall as opposed to a coat of paint or an application of vinyl wall covering? The health and sustainability issues go hand in hand, since the frequency in which finishes are replaced directly impact the indoor air quality of buildings. Therefore, the use of environmentally friendly and sustainable products makes great sense.
Environmentally Friendly Products
In today’s construction marketplace, the phrase ‘environmentally friendly product’ is thrown around on such a frequent basis, that the term ‘green washing’ has been coined. Environmentally friendly products are products that do not harm the space that humans occupy, and, do not have any adverse impact on the ecology or environment during their harvesting, manufacturing, installation, curing / drying and while in service. In making the determination for whether a product is environmentally friendly or not; the following questions should be asked:
Does the Material Break Down Over Time?
What is the Life of the Product?
Will It Off-Gas and for How Long?
How Often Does it Need to Be Replaced?
For example, there are some materials in the plastics family that just do not break down easily. They can stay in landfills for hundreds of years. There are several types of flooring products that fall into this category (e.g. vinyl composition tile, linoleum, rubber flooring). In addition, when these types of flooring materials are installed with a urethane type adhesive; they can be potentially dangerous to the environment for many years when they are discarded. What is great about ceramic tile and stone is that they are mainly composed of basic materials that are found in the earth. There is not much that needs to be done to a slab of marble, limestone, slate, sandstone, granite or quartz; except maybe to alter its finish. That is easily accomplished by polishing the surface to a glimmering mirror like finish or just a bit to a softer honed finish. As far as ceramic tile, the ingredients that go into it are mainly clay and shale that are then pressed or extruded into shape and then fired in high temperatures to achieve a very dense and durable finish. Manufacturers of ceramic tile have become so effective in their production processes, that the cost of ceramic and porcelain tiles is actually coming down, as opposed to the cost of other types of flooring and wall finishes where the costs continue to increase. Therefore, vinyl flooring, carpeting and similar finishes that were considered inexpensive alternatives to ceramic tile and stone are actually at an even greater disadvantage. When a design professional was looking for an inexpensive alternative, they accepted the drawbacks of off gassing and short life cycles associated with these other types of finishes (e.g. vinyl composition tile, linoleum, carpet, rubber, paint, wall covering). They no longer have to compromise since ceramic and porcelain tiles are durable, dense, sustainable, long-lasting (50 years or more) and easy to maintain.
Ceramic tile and stone is also considered environmentally clean. If for any reason tile or stone is removed (and this is usually only because it looks dated), it can be buried in a land fill and will not harm the ecology or the environment. Unlike the adhesive mortars that are used to install resilient and wood floors or carpeting; tile and stone adhesives are typically portland cement based and do not pose any danger to the environment. The vast majority of cement based adhesives are inert once they harden and do not off-gas or emit any volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Volatile organic compounds are carbon compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions which vaporize at normal room temperatures. These compounds are considered as harmful to building occupants when excessive levels are reached. This is what may cause a person to develop reactions to the materials in a building. It is the off gassing of the volatile organic compounds that creates respiratory or allergic reactions. Some of the ingredients in building materials which are considered as a VOC are formaldehyde, styrene, ozone, total aldehydes, and 4-phenylcyclohexene compounds. These ingredients exist in over 2000 chemicals. Ceramic tile/stone and their installation materials have many advantages in the area of low volatile organic compound emission. The LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction states that tile adhesives should have a maximum VOC content of 65 g/L less water.
Advantages of Ceramic Tile and Stone
When a comparison is made of the volatile organic compounds contained in floor and wall finishing products, it is obvious to see why ceramic tile and stone is the better finish choice over the others. To demonstrate this fact, compare the following types of finishes and their volatile organic compound content (California Department of Health Services, 2004, p.3, 6, 7):
In addition to the finishes mentioned above, the adhesives used for the application of the materials can also contribute to the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in a building environment. The following are the typical volatile organic compounds for the flooring and adhesives used for some of finishes listed above
Ceramic tile and stone installed with a LATICRETE redispersible polymer fortified portland cement based mortar: 0.00 grams/liter
Multipurpose carpet and resilient flooring adhesives including a typical carpet or resilient flooring material: Multipurpose latex adhesive 976 grams per liter
Synthetic “low V.O.C.” adhesive 698 grams per liter
When compared against the other types of finishes; ceramic tile and stone contributes to a healthier building environment. Now manufacturers and promoters of the other finish types will state that the off gassing of the volatile organic compounds will diminish as time passes and that is true to an extent. There have been many strides made to manufacture these types of finishes and adhesives with lower volatile organic compound content. Several of the larger watchdog agencies have set stricter guidelines to ensure that this happens (e.g. South Coast Air Quality Management District). However, these types of finishes are still significantly higher in volatile organic compound content when compared to ceramic tile and stone. In addition, these other finishes do not have the durability and sustainability that ceramic tile and stone has. In fact, carpeting and resilient flooring are typically replaced every six to ten years due to wear and tear. In comparison, ceramic tile and stone has greater sustainability and can last for the entire life of a structure (or longer).
Therefore, in the long run, ceramic tile is actually more economical than other flooring or wall finish materials. The following chart reflects this fact. Chart 1 compares the overall costs (including initial installation cost, maintenance cost per year and life cycle cost) of ceramic tile with other finish materials over a 50 year period. This chart is based on expected life (in years) of 50 years for tile and hardwood, 25 years for laminate, 10 years for VCT, and 6 years for carpet. Actual installations may vary.
Evidence of tile and stone’s sustainability is the fact that these finishes have been in place on some structures for hundreds, and in some cases for thousands of years. Can other finish materials make the same claim? Ceramic tile and stone are also good protection against mold and mildew. Tile and stone are not food sources for mold and mildew, whereas many of the other finish types are either made from ingredients that are organic (food sources for mold) or incorporate installation material which are a food source for mold under the right conditions. In addition, ceramic tile and stone are inherently water resistant, whereas these other finish types, absorb and degrade when exposed to moisture, further adding to the mold issue. A building owner certainly would rather have finishes in their structures that are resistant to the threat of mold and mildew. Therefore, ceramic tile and stone is the natural choice to be used as a finish material that will provide long lasting benefits. These benefits include a long in service life cycle, no negative contribution to indoor air quality and are very easy to maintain. When compared to other finish materials, the clear choice is to use ceramic tile and stone as a finish material in today’s healthy building environments.
10.3 Building Codes and Regulations
Building codes are mandatory standards, which either prescribe or set minimum performance criteria for construction in order to protect the health and welfare of the public, and make sure that buildings are constructed to accepted requirements. Building codes are usually conceived by private, non-governmental organizations that have no legal enforcement powers; these powers rest in the local building departments who enact and enforce these standards. Building codes typically are conceived in two distinct formats; a “prescriptive” and “performance”. The 2009 International Building Code (IBC) sets forth a level of performance that ceramic tile installations must meet. The IBC references the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Specification for the Installation of Ceramic Tile for the prescriptive and performance criteria. General Ceramic Tile Building Codes fall under Section 21 Masonry, sub section 2103 Masonry Construction Materials. The ANSI A108 Series deals with the installation methodology of the various products and the ANSI A118 Series deals with the actual product design and minimum performance levels. It is important to remember that the ANSI standards set the minimum performance levels for ceramic tile installation products. Mass transit applications are much more demanding and will require products that exceed the minimum industry standards. The manufacturers of the installation products can provide detailed information on how to achieve maximum performance from the ceramic tile or stone installation for any application (including mass transit). In addition, the 2009 IBC sets forth the substrate and structural design requirements for all applications including the appropriate live, dead, impact, and total load as well as deflection criteria. This information can be found in chapter 16 of the 2009 IBC; Structural Design. It is important to note that the intended use of a given area dictates the structural requirement. In many cases, L/360 is the maximum allowable standard for deflection, total load and impact load for ceramic tile applications and L/720 for stone installations over wood structures as set forth by the Marble Institute of America (MIA). The design professional must take all of the building environment factors in consideration when designing the structure to ensure that the ceramic tile/stone floor and wall areas will stand up to the stresses of the application.
Other applicable standards and regulations for mass transit applications are as follows:
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 415-2008 – Standard on Airport Terminal Buildings, Fueling Ramp Drainage, and Loading Walkways, 2008 Edition – Contributes to the improvement of airport safety and specifies the minimum fire protection requirements for the construction and protection of airport terminal buildings including interior finishes. It specifies the minimum requirements for the design and maintenance of the drainage system of an aircraft fueling ramp to control the flow of fuel that can be spilled on a ramp and to minimize the resulting possible danger. In addition it contains the minimum requirements for the design, construction, and fire protection of aircraft loading walkways between the terminal building and aircraft.
10.4 Industry Standards
Industry standards are methods for the design, specification, construction, and testing of building materials and construction assemblies that are developed by “public consensus” organizations. Industry standards typically are much more comprehensive and concise than building codes, and recognize the latest technology in a given field of construction. As a result, it is common practice today that building codes are based primarily on the industry standards that are developed by specialist public consensus organizations. Examples of such organizations in the United States are the Tile Council of North America (TCNA), the American National Standards for the Installation of Ceramic Tile approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). An example of the standards which are applicable in Europe includes European Union Norms or EuroNorms (EN). The International Standards Organization (ISO) is a global standard concept that is gaining momentum. There are distinct differences between building codes and industry standards. However, for the purposes of this manual, building codes and standards will be presented without distinction between mandatory (legal) or voluntary compliance.
10.5 Sample Specification
The following is an example of a typical 3 part CSI Master Format Specification for a ceramic tile/stone application:
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.1 Summary
A. Scope of work – Provide ceramic tile, tile installation materials and accessories as indicated on drawings, as specified herein, and as needed for complete and proper installation.
B. Related Documents – provisions within General and Supplementary General Conditions of the Contract, Division 1 – General Requirements, and the Drawings apply to this Section.
1.2 Section Includes
A. Ceramic wall tile and trim units (glazed)
B. Ceramic floor tile/mosaics and trim units (glazed or unglazed)
C. Ceramic tile pavers and trim units (glazed or unglazed)
D. Quarry tile pavers and trim units (glazed or unglazed)
E. Porcelain tile
F. Glass mosaics
G. Special purpose tile
H. Decorative thin wall tile
I. Installation Products; adhesives, mortars, grouts and sealants
J. Waterproofing membranes for ceramic tile work
K. Anti-fracture membranes for ceramic tile work
L. Sound control underlayments
M. Thresholds, trim, cementitious backer units and other accessories specified herein.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for applicable procedures and materials.
1.3 Products Furnished But Not Installed Under This Section
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for applicable products.
1.4 Products Installed But Not Furnished Under This Section
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for applicable products.
1.5 Environmental Performance Requirements
A. Environmental Performance Criteria: The following criteria are required for products included in this section.
Refer to Division 1 for additional requirements:
1. Products manufactured regionally within a 500 mile radius of the Project site;
2. Adhesive products must meet or exceed the VOC limits of South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule #1168 and Bay Area Resources Board Reg. 8, Rule 51.
1.6 Related Sections
A. Section 03300 Cast-in-Place Concrete (monolithic slab finishing for ceramic tile)
B. Section 03305 Concrete Curing
C. Section 03410 Structural Pre-cast Concrete
D. Section 03532 Concrete Floor Topping
E. Section 04200 Unit Masonry (CMU wall substrates)
F. Section 04300 Stone
G. Section 06100 Rough Carpentry (plywood sub-floors)
H. Section 07110 Membrane Waterproofing
I. Section 07920 Elastomeric Joint Sealants
J. Section 09250 Gypsum Board Assemblies
K. Section 09385 Stone Tile
L. Section 10800 Washroom Accessories
M. Section 15440 Plumbing Fixtures
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Above are examples of typical broad scope and narrow scope sections related to ceramic tile installation. Edit for applicable related sections.
1.7 Allowances
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for detail of applicable ALLOWANCES; coordinate with Section 01020 Allowances. Allowances in the form of unit pricing are sometimes used when the scope of the tile work at time of bid is undetermined.
1.8 Alternates
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for applicable ALTERNATES. Alternates may be used to evaluate varying levels of performance of setting systems or to assist in the selection of the tile by economy.
1.9 Reference Standards
A. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
B. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A137.1 American National Standard Specifications For Ceramic Tile
C. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A108.01 - A108.17 American National Standard Specifications For The Installation Of Ceramic Tile
D. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A118.1 - A118.12 American National Standard Specifications For The Installation Of Ceramic Tile
E. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A136.1 American National Standard Specifications For The Installation Of Ceramic Tile
F. American Plywood Association (APA) Y510T Plywood Design Specifications
G. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) A82 Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
H. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) A185 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
I. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregate
J. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C36 Standard Specification for Gypsum Wallboard
K. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C109 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)
L. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C144 Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
M. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
N. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C171 Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete
O. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C241 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic
P. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C267 Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings
Q. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C482 Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement
R. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C503 Standard Specification for Marble Dimension Stone (Exterior)
S. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C531 Standard Test Method for Linear Shrinkage and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings and Polymer Concretes
T. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C627 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Ceramic Floor Tile Installation Systems Using the Robinson-Type Floor Tester
U. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C794 Standard Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint Sealants
V. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C847 Standard Specification for Metal Lath
W. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C905 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings
X. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C920 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
Y. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) C955 Standard Specification for Load Bearing (Transverse and Axial) Steel Studs, Runners (Tracks), and Bracing or Bridging for Screw Application of Gypsum Board and Metal Plaster Bases
Z. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D226 Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing And Waterproofing
AA. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D227 Standard Specification for Coal-Tar Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
BB. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D751 Standard Test Method for Coated Fabrics
CC. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D751 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness
DD. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D1248 Standard Test Method for Staining of Porous Substances by Joint Sealants
EE. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D2240 Standard Test Method for Coated Fabrics
FF. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D4263 Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by The Plastic Sheet Method
GG. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D4397 Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial and Agricultural Applications
HH. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) D4716 Standard Test Method for Determining the (In Plane) Flow Rate Per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geo-synthetic Using a Constant Head
II. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) E84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
JJ. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) E90 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions
KK. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) E96 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
LL. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) E413 Standard Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
MM. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) E492 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine
NN. American Society For Testing And Materials (ASTM) E989 Standard Classification for Determination of Impact Insulation Class (IIC)
OO. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) – ASME A112.6.3 Floor and Trench Drains
PP. Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute (CSSBI) Lightweight Steel Framing Binder {Publication 52M}
QQ. Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Bulletin No. 750 Impact Noise Control in Multifamily Dwellings
RR. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) TS 28 A Guide to Airborne, Impact and Structure-borne Noise-Control in Multifamily Dwellings
SS. Materials And Methods Standards Association (MMSA) Bulletins 1-16
TT. Metal Lath/Steel Framing Association (ML/SFA) 540 Lightweight Steel Framing Systems Manual
UU. Steel Stud Manufacturers Association (SSMA) Product Technical Information and ICBO Evaluation Service, Inc. Report ER-4943P
VV. Terrazzo, Tile And Marble Association Of Canada (TTMAC) Specification Guide 09300 Tile Installation Manual
WW. Tile Council Of North America (TCNA) Handbook For Ceramic Tile Installation
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for applicable reference standards.
1.10 System Description
A. Ceramic mosaic floor tile installed over concrete floor slabs using latex-modified Portland cement mortar and latex Portland cement grout joints.
B. Quarry tile and base installed using latex modified Portland cement mortar over a plastic Portland cement mortar bed or over a cured (pre-floated) Portland cement mortar bed with epoxy grouted joints.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: The above systems are example descriptions; edit for additional applicable systems.
1.11 Submittals
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for applicable requirements.
A. Submittal Requirements: Submit the following “Required LEED Criteria” certification items as listed below. Refer to Division 1 for additional requirements:
1. A completed LEED Environmental Building Materials Certification Form. Information to be supplied generally includes:
a. Manufacturing plant locations for tile installation products.
b. LEED Credits as listed in Part 1.4B “LEED Credit Submittals”
2. GREENGUARD Environmental Institute certificates or GreenGuard Environmental Institute Schools & Children certificates provided by the tile installation materials manufacturer on GREENGUARD letterhead stating “This product has been GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certified® by the GREENGUARD Environmental Institute under the GREENGUARD Standard for Low Emitting Products” for each tile installation product used to verify Low VOC product information.
3. Contractor’s certification of LEED Compliance: Submit Contractor’s certification verifying the installation of specified LEED Compliant products.
4. Product Cut Sheets for all materials that meet the LEED performance criteria. Submit Product Cut Sheets with Contractor or Subcontractor’s stamp, as confirmation that submitted products were installed on Project.
5. Material Safety Data Sheets for all applicable products.
B. LEED Credit Submittals for the following;
1. LEED Construction Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition Credit EQ 4.1: Manufacturer’s product data for tile installation materials, including GREENGUARD Certificate on GREENGUARD letterhead stating product VOC content.
2. LEED Construction Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition Credit EQ 4.3: Manufacturer’s product data for tile installation materials, including GREENGUARD Certificate on GREENGUARD letterhead stating product VOC content.
3. LEED Construction Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition Credit MR 2.1: (Divert 50% from Disposal) Manufacturer’s packaging showing recycle symbol for appropriate disposition in construction waste management.
4. LEED Construction Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition Credit MR 2.1: (Divert 75% from Disposal) Manufacturer’s packaging showing recycle symbol for appropriate disposition in construction waste management.
5. LEED Construction Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition Credit MR 4.1: Manufacturer’s product data showing post-consumer and/or pre-consumer recycled content.
6. LEED Construction Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition Credit MR 4.2: Manufacturer’s product data showing post-consumer and/or pre-consumer recycled content.
7. LEED Construction Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition Credit MR 5.1 (10% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally): Product data indicating location of material manufacturer for regionally manufactured materials.
a. Include statement indicating cost and distance from manufacturer to Project for each regionally manufactured product.
8. LEED Construction Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition Credit MR 5.2 (20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally): Product data indicating location of material manufacturer for regionally manufactured materials.
a. Include statement indicating cost and distance from manufacturer to Project for each regionally manufactured product.
9. LEED Schools Reference Guide (Educational Projects Only), 2007 Edition Credit EQ 9 (Enhanced Acoustical Performance): Impact noise reduction test reports and product data on sound control product(s).
10. LEED Schools Reference Guide (Educational Projects Only), 2007 Edition Credit EQ 10 (Mold Prevention): Manufacturer’s packaging and/or data showing anti-microbial protection in product(s).
C. Submit shop drawings and manufacturers' product data under provisions of Section (01300.) (01340.).
D. Submit samples of each type/style/finish/size/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, trim unit or threshold under provisions of Section (01300.) (01340.).
E. Submit manufacturers' installation instructions under provisions of Section (01300.) (01340.).
F. Submit manufacturer's certification under provisions of Section (01405) that the materials supplied conform to ANSI A137.1.
G. Submit proof of warranty.
H. Submit sample of installation system demonstrating compatibility/functional relationships between adhesives, mortars, grouts and other components under provision of Section (01300.) (01340.). Submit proof from tile or stone manufacturer or supplier verifying suitability of tile or stone for specific application and use; including dimensional stability, water absorption, freeze/thaw resistance (if applicable), resistance to thermal cycling, and other characteristics that the may project may require. These characteristics must be reviewed and approved by the project design professional(s).
I. Submit list from manufacturer of installation system/adhesive/mortar/grout identifying a minimum of three (3) similar projects, each with a minimum of ten (10) years service.
J. For alternate materials, at least thirty (30) days before bid date submit independent laboratory test results confirming compliance with specifications listed in Part 2 – Products.
1.12 Quality Assurance
A. Tile Manufacturer (single source responsibility): Company specializing in ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, trim units and/or thresholds with three (3) years minimum experience. Obtain tile from a single source with resources to provide products of consistent quality in appearance and physical properties.
B. Installation System Manufacturer (single source responsibility): Company specializing in adhesives, mortars, grouts and other installation materials with ten (10) years minimum experience and ISO 9001 certification. Obtain installation materials from single source manufacturer to insure consistent quality and full compatibility.
C. Submit laboratory confirmation of adhesives, mortars, grouts and other installation materials:
1. Identify proper usage of specified materials using positive analytical method.
2. Identify compatibility of specified materials using positive analytical method.
3. Identify proper color matching of specified materials using a positive analytical method.
D. Installer qualifications: company specializing in installation of ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, trim units and thresholds with five (5) years documented experience with installations of similar scope, materials and design.
1.13 Mock-Ups
A. Provide mock-up of each type/style/finish/size/color of ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, trim unit and threshold, along with respective installation adhesives, mortars, grouts and other installation materials, under provisions of Section (01400) (01405).
1.14 Pre-Installation Conference
Pre-installation conference: At least three weeks prior to commencing the work attend a meeting at the jobsite to discuss conformance with requirements of specification and job site conditions. Representatives of owner, architect, general contractor, tile subcontractor, Tile Manufacturer, Installation System Manufacturer and any other parties who are involved in the scope of this installation must attend the meeting.
1.15 Delivery, Storage and Handling
A. Acceptance at Site: deliver and store packaged materials in original containers with seals unbroken and labels, including grade seal, intact until time of use, in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
B. Store ceramic tile and installation system materials in a dry location; handle in a manner to prevent chipping, breakage, and contamination.
C. Protect latex additives, organic adhesives, epoxy adhesives and sealants from freezing or overheating in accordance with manufacturer's instructions; store at room temperature when possible.
D. Store portland cement mortars and grouts in a dry location.
1.16 Project/Site Conditions
A. Provide ventilation and protection of environment as recommended by manufacturer.
B. Prevent carbon dioxide damage to ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, trim, thresholds, as well as adhesives, mortars, grouts and other installation materials, by venting temporary heaters to the exterior.
C. Maintain ambient temperatures not less than 50°F (10°C) or more than 100°F (38°C) during installation and for a minimum of seven (7) days after completion. Setting of portland cement is retarded by low temperatures. Protect work for extended period of time and from damage by other trades. Installation with latex portland cement mortars requires substrate, ambient and material temperatures at least 37°F (3°C). There should be no ice in slab. Freezing after installation will not damage latex portland cement mortars. Protect portland cement based mortars and grouts from direct sunlight, radiant heat, forced ventilation (heat and cold) and drafts until cured to prevent premature evaporation of moisture. Epoxy mortars and grouts require surface temperatures between 60°F (16°C) and 90°F (32°C) at time of installation. It is the General Contractor’s responsibility to maintain temperature control.
1.17 Sequencing and Scheduling
A. Coordinate installation of tile work with related work.
B. Proceed with tile work only after curbs, vents, drains, piping, and other projections through substrate have been installed and when substrate construction and framing of openings have been completed.
NOTES FOR SPECIFIER: Edit for project specific sequence and scheduling.
1.18 Warranty
The Contractor warrants the work of this Section to be in accordance with the Contract Documents and free from faults and defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 25 years. The manufacturer of adhesives, mortars, grouts and other installation materials shall provide a written twenty five (25) year warranty, which covers materials and labor – reference LATICRETE Warranty Data Sheet 025.0 for complete details and requirements. For exterior facades over steel or wood framing, the manufacturer of adhesives, mortars, grouts and other installation materials shall provide a written ten (10) year warranty, which covers replacement of LATICRETE products only – reference LATICRETE Warranty Data Sheet 230.15 for complete details and requirements.
1.19 Maintenance
Submit maintenance data under provisions of Section 01730. Include cleaning methods, cleaning solutions recommended, stain removal methods, as well as polishes and waxes recommended.
1.20 Extra Materials Stock
Upon completion of the work of this Section, deliver to the Owner 2% minimum additional tile and trim shape of each type, color, pattern and size used in the Work, as well as extra stock of adhesives, mortars, grouts and other installation materials for the Owner's use in replacement and maintenance. Extra stock is to be from same production run or batch as original tile and installation materials.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.1 Tile Manufacturers
Subject to compliance with paragraphs 1.12 and performance requirements, provide products by one of the following manufacturers:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Provide list of acceptable tile manufacturers.
2.2 Wall Tile Materials
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for each tile type.
A. Ceramic Tile
B. Grade:
C. Size:
D. Edge:
E. Finish:
F. Color:
G. Special shapes:
H. Location:
2.3 Floor Tile Materials
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit for each tile type.
A. Ceramic Tile
B. Grade:
C. Size:
D. Edge:
E. Finish:
F. Color:
G. Special shapes:
H. Location:
2.4 Ceramic Tile Installation Materials Manufacturer
A. LATICRETE International, Inc.,
1 LATICRETE Park North,
Bethany, CT 06524-3423
USA Phone +1.800.243.4788,
+1.203.393.0010
technicalservices@laticrete.com,
www.laticrete.com;
www.laticrete.com/green
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Use either the following performance specification or the proprietary specification.
2.5 Performance Specification – Tile Installation Accessories
A. Waterproofing Membrane to be thin, cold applied, single component liquid and load bearing. Reinforcing fabric to be non-woven rot-proof specifically intended for waterproofing membrane. Waterproofing Membrane to be non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-hazardous during storage, mixing, application and when cured. It shall be certified by IAPMO and ICC approved as a shower pan liner and shall also meet the following physical requirements:
1. Hydrostatic Test (ASTM D4068): Pass
2. Elongation at break (ASTM D751): 20 – 30%
3. System Crack Resistance (ANSI A118.12): Pass (High)
4. 7 day Tensile Strength (ANSI A118.10): >265 psi (1.8 MPa)
5. 7 day Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.10) >200 psi (1.4 MPa)
6. 28 Day Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.4): >214 psi (1.48 – 2.4 MPa)
7. Service Rating (TCA/ASTM C627): Extra Heavy
8. Total VOC Content: < 0.05 mg/m3
B. Epoxy Waterproofing Membrane to be 3 component epoxy, trowel applied specifically designed to be used under ceramic tile, stone or brick and requires only 24 hours prior to flood testing:
1. Breaking Strength (ANSI A118.10): 450 – 530 psi (3.1-3.6 MPa)
2. Waterproofness (ANSI A118.10): No Water penetration
3. 7 day Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.10): 110 – 150 psi (0.8-1 MPa)
4. 28 Day Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.10): 90 – 120 psi (0.6 – 0.83 MPa)
5. 12 Week Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.10): 110 – 130 psi (0.8 – 0.9 MPa)
6. Total VOC Content: <3.4 g/
C. Crack Suppression Membrane to be thin, cold applied, single component liquid and load bearing. Reinforcing fabric (if required or used) to be non-woven, rot-proof specifically intended for crack suppression membrane. Materials to be non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-hazardous during storage, mixing, application and when cured. Crack Suppression Membrane shall also meet the following physical requirements:
1. Elongation at break (ASTM D751): 20 – 30%
2. System Crack Resistance (ANSI A118.12) Pass (High)
3. 7 day Tensile Strength (ANSI A118.10): 265 – 300 psi (1.8 – 2.0 MPa)
4. 7 day Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.10) 200 – 275 psi (1.4 – 1.9 MPa)
5. 28 Day Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.4): >214 – 343 psi (1.48 – 2.4 MPa)
6. Service Rating (TCA/ASTM C627): Extra Heavy
7. Total VOC Content: <0.05 mg/m3
D. Wire Reinforcing: 2" x 2" (50 x 50 mm) x 16 ASW gauge or 0.0625" (1.6mm) diameter galvanized steel welded wire mesh complying with ANSI A108.02 3.7, ASTM A185 and ASTM A82.
E. Cleavage membrane: 15 pound asphalt saturated, non-perforated roofing felt complying with ASTM D226, 15 pound coal tar saturated, non-perforated roofing felt complying with ASTM D227 or 4.0 mils (0.1 mm) thick polyethylene plastic film complying with ASTM D4397.
F. Cementitious backer board units: size and thickness as specified, complying with ANSI A118.9.
G. Thresholds: Provide marble saddles complying with ASTM C241 for abrasion resistance and ASTM C503 for exterior use, in color, size, shape and thickness as indicated on drawings.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit applicable tile installation accessories.
2.6 Performance Specification – Tile Installation Materials
A. Sound Abatement and Crack Isolation Mat shall be load bearing, shock and vibration resistant. It shall be certified by independent laboratory testing to meet the specified acoustical performance when installed in a Floor Assembly with a 6" (150 mm) concrete slab, as well as meet the following physical requirements:
1. Service Rating (ASTM C627): Light
2. Point Load (ANSI A118.12-5.2): >1250 psi (8.6 MPa)
3. Installed Weight (ASTM C905 Modified): 2.6 lbs/ft2 (12.8 kg/m2)
4. Delta Impact Insulation Class (∆IIC; ASTM E2179): 20
B. Sound Abatement & Crack Suppression Adhesive shall comply with ANSI A118.12, provide an Extra Heavy rating and provide a minimum ∆IIC of 15:
1. Service Rating (ASTM C627): Extra Heavy
2. Delta Impact Insulation Class (∆IIC; ASTM E2179): 15
3. Point Load (ANSI A118.12 5.2): >1000 psi (6.9 MPa)
4. Minimum Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.12): 100psi (0.7 MPa)
C. Moisture Vapor Reduction to be epoxy based and GreenGuard compliant as well as meet the following physical requirements:
1. Shear Bond to Concrete (ANSI A118.12-5.1.5): >285 psi (2.0 MPa)
2. Alkalinity Resistance (ASTM C267): Pass
3. Permeability (ASTM F1869): 9.7 lbs/1,000 ft2/24 hours down to 0.2 lbs/1,000 ft2/24 hours (248 µg/s•m22 down to 11 µg/s•m2)
D. Latex Portland Cement Mortar for thick beds, screeds, leveling beds and scratch/plaster coats to be weather, frost, shock resistant and meet the following physical requirements:
1. Compressive Strength (ANSI A118.4 Modified): >4000 psi (27.6 MPa)
2. Water Absorption (ANSI A118.6): ≤ 5%
3. Service Rating (TCA/ASTM C627): Extra Heavy
4. Smoke and Flame Contribution (ASTM E84 Modified): 0
5. Total VOC Content: <0.05 mg/m3
E. Self-Leveling Underlayment shall be mixed with water to produce a pumpable, fast setting, free flowing cementitious underlayment which can be poured from a feather-edge to 1-1/2" (38 mm) thick in one pour.
1. 4 Hour Compressive Strength (ANSI A118.4 Mod.): >1500 psi (10.3 MPa)
2. 1 Day Compressive Strength (ANSI A118.4 Mod.): >2800 psi (19.3 MPa)
3. 28 Day Compressive Strength (ANSI A118.4 Mod.): >4300 psi (29.7 MPa)
4. Tensile Strength (ANSI A118.7): >500 psi (3.5 MPa)
5. Time To Foot Traffic: 3 – 4 Hours
6. Total VOC Content: <0.05 mg/m3
F. Epoxy Adhesive to be chemical resistant 100% solids epoxy with high temperature resistance and meet the following minimum physical requirements:
1. Compressive strength (ANSI A118.3): >5000 psi (34.4 MPa)
2. Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.3): >1250 psi (8.6 MPa)
3. Thermal Shock Resistance (ANSI A118.3): >600 psi (4.1 MPa)
4. Tensile Strength (ANSI A118.3): >1400 psi (9.6 MPa)
5. Shrinkage (ANSI A118.3): 0 – 0.1%
6. Total VOC Content: <0.05 mg/m3
7. Cured Epoxy Adhesive to be chemically and stain resistant to ketchup, mustard, tea, coffee, milk, soda, beer, wine, bleach (5% solution), ammonia, juices, vegetable oil, detergents, brine, sugar, cosmetics and blood, as well as chemically resistant to dilute food acids, dilute alkalis, gasoline, turpentine and mineral spirits.
G. Latex Portland Cement Thin Bed Mortar for thin set and slurry bond coats to be weather, frost, shock resistant, non-flammable and meet the following physical requirements:
1. Compressive strength (ANSI A118.4): >2500 psi (17.2 MPa)
2. Bond strength (ANSI A118.4): >450 psi (3.1 MPa)
3. Smoke and Flame Contribution (ASTM E84 Modified): 0
4. Total VOC Content: <0.05 mg/m3
H. Organic Adhesive shall be non-flammable, water resistant, latex adhesive and shall meet the following physical requirements:
1. Open Time (ANSI A136.1): 70 minutes at 75°F (24°C)
2. Color: White
3. Density (ANSI A136.1): 13.2 lbs/gal (1.6 kg/)
I. Epoxy Grout (Industrial) to be non-flammable, chemical resistant 100% solids epoxy with high temperature resistance and meeting the following physical requirements:
1. Initial Set Time (ANSI A118.5): Pass (4 hours)
2. Service Set Time (ANSI A118.5): Pass (<7 days)
3. Shrinkage (ANSI A118.3): Pass (0.07%)
4. Sag (ANSI A118.3): Pass (no sag)
5. Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.3; quarry tile): 1500 psi (10.3 MPa)
6. Compressive Strength (ANSI A118.3): >8000 psi (55.2 MPa)
7. Tensile Strength (ANSI A118.5): >2600 psi (18.0 MPa)
8. Thermal Shock Resistance (ANSI A118.3): >1000 psi (10.3 MPa)
9. Cured Epoxy Grout to be chemically and stain resistant to ketchup, mustard, tea, coffee, milk, soda, beer, wine, bleach (3% solution), ammonia, juices, vegetable oil, detergents, brine, sugar, cosmetics and blood, as well as being chemically resistant to dilute food/mineral acids, gasoline and mineral spirits.
J. Epoxy Grout (Commercial/Residential) shall be non-toxic, non-flammable, non-hazardous during storage, mixing, application and when cured and shall meet the following physical requirements:
1. Compressive Strength (ANSI A118.3): 3500 psi (24 MPa)
2. Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.3): 1000 psi (6.9 MPa)
3. Tensile Strength (ANSI A118.3): 1100 psi (7.6 MPa)
4. Thermal Shock (ANSI A118.3): >500 psi (3.5 MPa)
5. Water Absorption (ANSI A118.3): <0.5 %
6. Vertical Joint Sag (ANSI A118.3): Pass
7. Total VOC Content: < 0.05 mg/m3
8. Cured Epoxy Grout to be chemically and stain resistant to ketchup, mustard, tea, coffee, milk, soda, beer, wine, bleach (5% solution), ammonia, juices, vegetable oil, brine, sugar, cosmetics, and blood, as well as chemically resistant to dilute acids and dilute alkalis.
K. Latex Portland Cement Grout to be weather, frost and shock resistant, as well as meet the following physical requirements:
1. Compressive Strength (ANSI A118.7): 4500 psi (31 MPa)
2. Tensile Strength (ANSI A118.7): >500 psi (3.45 MPa)
3. Flexural Strength (ANSI A118.7): >1250 psi (8.6 MPa)
4. Water Absorption (ANSI A118.7): <5%
5. Linear Shrinkage (ANSI A118.7): <0.05 %
6. Smoke and Flame Contribution (ASTM E84 Modified): 0
7. Total VOC Content: <0.05 mg/m3
L. Expansion and Control Joint Sealant to be a one component, neutral cure, exterior grade silicone sealant and meet the following requirements:
1. Tensile Strength (ASTM C794): 280 psi (1.9 MPa)
2. Hardness (ASTM D751; Shore A): 25 (colored sealant) /15 (clear sealant)
3. Weather Resistance (QUV Weather-ometer): 10,000 hours (no change)
M. Roof Decks (and other exterior paving applications over occupied/storage spaces) shall consist of a Primary Roofing/Waterproofing Membrane, as specified in Section 0700 (q.v.), and a lightweight, frost/weather resistant installation system for tile, pavers, brick and stone that provides integral subsurface drainage and meets the following physical requirements:
1. Compressive Strength (ASTM C109 Modified): 3000 psi (20.7 MPa)
2. Hydraulic Transmissivity (ASTM D4716): 1.6 gal/minute (6.1 /minute)
3. Service Rating (ASTM C627): Extra Heavy
N. Spot Bonding Epoxy Adhesive for installing tile, brick and stone over vertical and overhead surfaces shall be high strength, high temperature resistant, non-sag and shall meet the following physical requirements:
1. Thermal Shock Resistance (ANSI A118.3): >1000 psi (6.9 MPa)
2. Water Absorption (ANSI A118.3): 0.1 %
3. Compressive Strength (ANSI A118.3): >8300 psi (57.2 MPa)
4. Shear Bond Strength (ANSI A118.3 Modified): >730 psi (5 MPa)
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit applicable tile installation materials.
2.7 Proprietary Specification – Tile Installation Accessories
Installation accessories as manufactured by
LATICRETE International, Inc.,
1 LATICRETE Park North,
Bethany, CT 06524-3423 USA.
Phone 1.800.243.4788
www.laticrete.com.
A. Waterproofing Membrane: LATICRETE® Hydro Ban™** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
B. Epoxy Waterproofing Membrane: LATAPOXY® Waterproof Flashing Mortar as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
C. Crack Suppression Membrane: LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit applicable tile installation accessories.
2.8 Proprietary Specification – Tile Installation Materials
Installation materials as manufactured by
LATICRETE International, Inc.,
1 LATICRETE Park North,
Bethany, CT 06524-3423 USA. Phone 1.800.243.4788,
www.laticrete.com;
www.laticrete.com/green
A. Sound Control Underlayment: LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat (Standard or PLUS Configurations) as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
B. Latex Portland Cement Mortar for thick beds, screeds, leveling beds and scratch/plaster coats: LATICRETE 3701 Fortified Mortar Bed** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
C. Self-Leveling Underlayment: LATICRETE 86 LatiLevel™** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
D. Moisture Vapor Reduction: LATAPOXY 312 Vapor Reduction Membrane** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
E. Epoxy Adhesive: LATAPOXY 300 Adhesive** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
F. Latex Portland Cement Thin Bed Mortar: LATICRETE 254 Platinum** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
D. Sound & Crack Isolation Adhesive: LATICRETE 125 Sound & Crack Adhesive** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
G. Organic Adhesive: LATICRETE 15 Premium Mastic as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
H. Epoxy Grout (Industrial): LATICRETE SpectraLOCK® 2000 IG** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
I. Epoxy Grout (Commercial/Residential): LATICRETE SpectraLOCK® PRO Grout†** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
J. Latex Portland Cement Grout: LATICRETE PermaColor™ Grout^** as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
K. Expansion and Control Joint Sealant: LATICRETE Latasil™ as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
L. Roof Deck: LATICRETE Plaza & Deck System as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
M. Spot Bonding Epoxy Adhesive: LATAPOXY 310 Stone Adhesive (Standard or Rapid Grade) as manufactured by LATICRETE International, Inc.
** GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certified® and GREENGUARD for Schools & Children Indoor Air Quality Certified Product
† United States Patent No.: 6881768 (and other Patents).
^ United States Patent No.: 6784229 B2 (and other Patents).
Part 3 – Execution
3.1 Substrate Examination
A. Verify that surfaces to be covered with ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick, stone, trim or waterproofing are:
1. Sound, rigid and conform to good design/engineering practices;
2. Systems, including the framing system and panels, over which tile or stone will be installed shall be in conformance with the International Residential Code (IRC) for residential applications, the International Building Code (IBC) for commercial applications, or applicable building codes. The project design should include the intended use and necessary allowances for the expected live load, concentrated load, impact load, and dead load including the weight of the finish and installation materials;
3. Clean and free of dust, dirt, oil, grease, sealers, curing compounds, laitance, efflorescence, form oil, loose plaster, paint, and scale;
4. Thin-set tile installations have a specified subsurface tolerance, for instance 1/4" in 10′ (6 mm in 3 m) and 1/16" in 1′ (1.5 mm in 300 mm), to conform with the ANSI specifications. Because thin-set is not intended to be used in truing or leveling the work of others, the subsurface typically should not vary by more than 1/16" over 1′ (1.5 mm over 300 mm), nor more than 1/32" (0.8 mm) between adjoining edges where applicable (e.g. between sheets of exterior glue plywood or between adjacent concrete masonry units). Should the architect/designer require a more stringent tolerance (e.g. 1/8" in 10′ [3 mm in 300 mm]), the subsurface specification must reflect that tolerance, or the tile specification must include a specific and separate requirement to bring the 1/4" (6 mm) subsurface tolerance into compliance with the 1/8" (3 mm) tolerance desired;
5. Not leveled with gypsum or asphalt based compounds;
6. For substrates scheduled to receive a waterproofing membrane, maximum amount of moisture in the concrete/mortar bed substrate should not exceed 5 lbs/1,000 ft2/24 hours (283 µg/s•m2) per ASTM F1869 or 75% relative humidity as measured with moisture probes. Consult with finish materials manufacturer to determine the maximum allowable moisture content for substrates under their finished material.
7. Dry as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4263 “Standard Test for Determining Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.”
B. Concrete surfaces shall also be:
1. Cured a minimum of 28 days at 70°F (21°C), including an initial seven (7) day period of wet curing;
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: LATICRETE® latex portland cement mortars do not require a minimum cure time for concrete substrates or mortar beds;
2. Wood float finished, or better, if the installation is to be done by the thin bed method;
C. Advise General Contractor and Architect of any surface or substrate conditions requiring correction before tile work commences. Beginning of work constitutes acceptance of substrate or surface conditions.
3.2 Surface
A. Concrete Substrates
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation in addition to the surface preparation requirements listed in § 3.1;…)
B. (List other Substrates as required and means of preparation as required)
(Insert any Special Means of Preparation in addition to the surface preparation requirements listed in § 3.1;…)
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Edit substrate and preparation section based on project specific surfaces and conditions.
3.3 Installation Accessories
A. Waterproofing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Adhesives/mastics, mortars and grouts for ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone are not replacements for waterproofing membranes and will not prevent water penetration into occupied or storage spaces below.
Install the waterproofing membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.1 (2.7 Waterproofing) and ANSI A108.13. Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric (if required), allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides to fit the areas as required. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Hydro Ban™ before using.
Pre-Treat Cracks and Joints – Fill all substrate cracks, cold joints and control joints to a smooth finish using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in non-structural joints and cracks. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Coves and Floor/Wall Intersections – Fill all substrate coves and floor/wall transitions to a smooth finish and changes in plane using a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Alternatively, a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban applied with a paint brush or trowel may be used to fill in cove joints and floor/wall transitions <1/8" (3 mm) in width. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over substrate cracks, cold joints, and control joints using a paint brush or heavy napped paint roller.
Pre-Treat Drains – Drains must be of the clamping ring type, with weepers as per ASME A112.6.3. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around and over the bottom half of the drain clamping ring. Cover with a second liberal coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. When the LATICRETE Hydro Ban dries, apply a bead of LATICRETE Latasil™ where the LATICRETE Hydro Ban meets the drain throat. Install the top half of drain clamping ring.
Pre-Treat Penetrations – Allow for a minimum 1/8" (3 mm) space between drains, pipes, lights, or other penetrations and surrounding ceramic tile, stone or brick. Pack any gaps around pipes, lights or other penetrations with a LATICRETE latex-fortified thin-set. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban around penetration opening. Cover the first coat with a second liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban. Bring LATICRETE Hydro Ban up to level of tile or stone. When LATICRETE Hydro Ban has dried to the touch seal with LATICRETE Latasil.
Main Application – Allow any pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban with a paint brush or heavy napped roller over substrate including pre-treated areas and allow to dry to the touch. Install another liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban over the first coat. Let the top coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban dry to the touch approximately 1 – 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. When the top coat has dried to the touch inspect the surface for pinholes, voids, thin spots or other defects. LATICRETE Hydro Ban will dry to an olive green color when fully cured. Use additional LATICRETE Hydro Ban to seal any defects.
Movement Joints – Apply a liberal coat* of LATICRETE Hydro Ban, approximately 8" (200 mm) wide over the areas. Then embed and loop the 6" (150 mm) wide LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric and allow the LATICRETE Hydro Ban liquid to bleed through. Immediately apply a second coat of LATICRETE Hydro Ban.
* Dry coat thickness is 20 – 30 mil (0.02 – 0.03" or 0.5 – 0.8 mm); consumption per coat is approximately 0.01 gal/ft2 (approx. 0.4 /m2); coverage is approximately 100 ft2/gal (approx. 2.5 m2/
). LATICRETE® Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric can be used to pre-treat cracks, joints, curves, corners, drains, and penetrations with LATICRETE Hydro Ban™.
Protection – Provide protection for newly installed membrane, even if covered with a thin-bed ceramic tile, stone or brick installation against exposure to rain or other water for a minimum of 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. For temperatures between 45°F and 69°F (7°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period.
Flood Testing – Allow membrane to cure fully before flood testing, typically a minimum 2 hours at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH. Cold conditions will require a longer curing time. For temperatures between 50°F and 69°F (10°C to 21°C) allow a minimum 24 hour cure period prior to flood testing. Please refer to LATICRETE TDS 169 “Flood Testing Procedures”, available at www.laticrete.com for flood testing requirements and procedures.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials
LATICRETE® Hydro Ban
References
LATICRETE Detail Drawings: WP300, WP301, WP302, WP303
LATICRETE Data Sheets: 663.0, 663.5
LATICRETE MSDS: Hydro Ban, Fabric
GREENGUARD Certificate: Hydro Ban
LATICRETE Technical Data Sheets: 188, 189, 203
C. Crack Suppression Membrane:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick and stone installed by the thin bed method can be damaged by shrinkage related substrate cracking. Specify an Anti-Fracture Membrane or Crack Suppression Membrane to reduce crack propagation into veneers or hard finishes. Do not use Anti-Fracture/Crack Suppression Membranes if substrate cracking:
1. Is due to structural movement;
2. Involves vertical and/or differential movement;
3. Involves horizontal movement >1/8" (3 mm).
Install the anti-fracture membrane in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.17 (1.0 – 3.0). Review the installation and plan the application sequence. Pre-cut LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Reinforcing Fabric, allowing 2" (50 mm) for overlap at ends and sides. Roll up the pieces for easy handling and placement. Shake or stir LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid before using. Pre-treat all substrate cracks, cold joints, control joints, coves, corners and penetrations according to manufacturer’s specific recommendations. Allow pre-treated areas to dry to the touch. Apply a liberal coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid with brush or roller over substrate including pre-treated areas. Before the coat dries, unroll LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Reinforcing Fabric, smooth out any wrinkles and press with brush or roller until LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid “bleeds” through to surface. Apply another liberal coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid and allow it to dry to the touch, ~1–3 hours at 70°(21°C) and 50% RH. For installation of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick or stone, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4H), which may begin as soon as last coat of LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane Liquid has dried to the touch. Allow LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane to cure for at least 3 days at 70°F (21°C) and 50% RH before exposing installation to rain or other water, even if covered by ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick or stone.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE Blue 92 Anti-Fracture Membrane
References
LATICRETE Data Sheets: 647.0, WPAF.5
LATICRETE MSDS: Blue 92, Fabric
GREENGUARD Certificate: Blue 92
LATICRETE Technical Data Sheet: 203
3.4 Installation – Tile, Brick and Stone
A. General: Install in accordance with current versions of American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) “A108 American National Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile” and TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation.” Cut and fit ceramic tile, brick or stone neatly around corners, fittings, and obstructions. Perimeter pieces to be minimum half tile, brick or stone. Chipped, cracked, split pieces and edges are not acceptable. Make joints even, straight, plumb and of uniform width to tolerance +/-1/16" over 8′ (1.5 mm in 2.4 m). Install divider strips at junction of flooring and dissimilar materials.
B. Moisture Vapor Reduction Membrane:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Conduct 3 Calcium Chloride Tests (per ASTM F1869) for the first 1,000′2 (92.9 m2) and 1 Calcium Chloride Test for every 1,000′2 (92.9 m2) thereafter of surface to receive moisture vapor reduction membrane. LATAPOXY® 312 Vapor Reduction Membrane performance contingent upon proper completion of ASTM F1869 by certified personnel and per test manufacturer’s written installation instructions.
Surface Preparation – Mechanical scarification, shot or bead blasting of the surface is required to obtain an ICRI profile of CSP 3 (light shot blast). Acid etching, solvents, sweeping compounds, and sanding equipment are not acceptable means of cleaning the substrate.
Apply LATAPOXY® 312 Vapor Reduction Membrane to the substrate using a 3/8" (9 mm) nap roller. Apply an even coat making sure to cover all areas thoroughly. Allow to cure for 24 hours at 70°F (21°C) prior to conducting Calcium Chloride Testing (per ASTM F1869) to determine if a second coat is necessary.
For areas that have a moisture vapor emission rate (MVER) between 3 lbs/1,000′2/24 hours (170 mg/s m2) and 12 lbs/1,000′2/24 hours (678 mg/s m2) apply one coat of LATAPOXY 312 Vapor Reduction Membrane. For areas that have an MVER between 12 lbs/1,000′2/24 hours (678 mg/s m2) and 20 lbs/1,000′2/24 hours (1,130 mg/s m2) re-measure MVER (as stated above) after first coat and, if necessary, apply a second coat of LATAPOXY 312 Vapor Reduction Membrane until 3 lbs/1,000′2/24 hours (170 mg/s m2) is reached.
Do not proceed with the installation of the finish flooring if the MVER exceeds the requirement of the finishing floor manufacturer. Allow LATAPOXY 312 Vapor Reduction Membrane to cure for 24 hours at 70°F (21°C) before conducting the last round of moisture testing (per ASTM F1869) or the installation of the finish flooring.
If an anti-fracture and/or waterproofing membrane is required, use LATICRETE Hydro Ban™ over the cured LATAPOXY 312 Vapor Reduction Membrane.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE 312 Vapor Reduction Membrane
C. Bonded Thick Bed Method (Floor): Verify 1" (25 mm) nominal bed thickness has been allowed. Apply LATICRETE 254 Platinum with flat trowel as a slurry bond coat approximately 1/16" (1. 5 mm) thick over clean concrete slab in compliance with current revision of ANSI A108.1A (2.2 and 5.2). Place LATICRETE 3701 Fortified Mortar Bed over slurry bond coat while LATICRETE 254 Platinum slurry bond coat is wet and tacky. Omit reinforcing wire fabric and fully compact bed by tamping. Spread LATICRETE 254 Platinum with flat trowel over surface of "green"/fresh mortar bed as a slurry bond coat approximately 1/16" (1.5 mm) thick. Apply LATICRETE 254 Platinum slurry bond coat to back of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick, stone, trim unit or threshold and place each piece/sheet while slurry bond coats are wet and tacky. Beat with a hardwood block or rubber mallet to level/imbed pieces before mortar bed takes initial set. Clean excess mortar/adhesive from finished surfaces. For installation of tile, brick or stone over cured (pre-floated) latex-portland cement thick bed mortar, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4H).
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE 3701 Fortified Mortar Bed
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
D. Thick Bed (Wire Reinforced) Method: Minimum bed thickness of 2" (50 mm) must be maintained. Place latex portland cement thick bed mortar to a depth approximately one-half finished bed thickness in compliance with current revision of ANSI A108.01 (3.2.1.1 and 3.2.4) and A108.1B. Lay 2" x 2" (50 mm x 5 0mm), 16 gauge (1.5 mm), galvanized, welded reinforcing wire fabric, complying with ANSI A108.02 (3.7) and ASTM A185, over mortar. Place additional thick bed mortar over wire fabric and compact mortar by tamping with flat trowel. Screed mortar bed level and provide correct slopes to drains. Spread latex-portland cement thin bed mortar with flat trowel over surface of "green"/fresh mortar bed as a slurry bond coat approximately 1/16" (1.5 mm) thick . As per ANSI A108.1A (6.0) apply latex-portland cement mortar slurry bond coat to back of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick, stone, trim unit or threshold and place each piece/sheet while slurry bond coats are wet and tacky. Beat with a hardwood block or rubber mallet to level/imbed pieces before mortar bed takes initial set. Clean excess mortar/adhesive from finished surfaces. For installation of tile, brick or stone over cured (pre-floated) latex-portland cement mortar bed, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4H).
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials
LATICRETE® 3701 Fortified Mortar Bed
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
E. Sound Abatement and Crack Isolation Mat:
NOTES TO SPECIFIER: The sound reduction performance of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick and stone installations will depend significantly on:
1. The type and thickness of floor construction;
2. Whether a suspended ceiling is part of the design;
3. Flanking acoustical transmission control (e.g. perimeter isolation joints);
4. The type and source of sound energy/noise (i.e. impact versus airborne).
Review test results conducted in conformance with current revision of ASTM E2179 “Standard Test method for Laboratory Measurement of the Effectiveness of Floor Coverings in Reducing Impact Sound Transmission Through Concrete Floors,” ASTM E492 “Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine,” ASTM E989 “Standard Classification for Determination of Impact Insulation Class (IIC),” ASTM E413 “Standard Classification for Determination of Sound Transmission Class (STC),” FHA Bulletin No. 750 “Impact Noise Control in Multifamily Dwellings,” HUD TS 28 “A Guide to Airborne, Impact and Structure-borne Noise-Control in Multifamily Dwellings” and manufacturer’s performance data and recommendations, in the context of expected sound reduction requirements.
It is essential that all walls and building elements are isolated from the floor. The use of acoustical ceiling panels in the space below would provide additional sound control.
Perimeter Isolation – It is recommended to install a perimeter isolation strip before placing and trimming LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat. Attach the perimeter isolation strip to the perimeter wall around the entire subfloor, as well as around the perimeter of any protrusions, in order to isolate or break the vibration transmission path between the floor and the wall. Temporarily fasten perimeter isolation strip in place with masking, duct or carpet tape.
Main Application – Use LATICRETE 254 Platinum or LATICRETE Sure Set™ to adhere the LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat to the substrate. Use a 1/4" x 1/4" (6 mm x 6 mm) notched trowel and comb mortar over substrate, apply only enough mortar as can be covered within 25 minutes. Unroll the LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat into place, in the thin-set adhesive mortar. Once installed, use a 25 – 45 lb (11.3 – 20 kg) roller to embed the LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat firmly into the adhesive mortar. Allow to cure for 24 hours at 70°F (21°C). Install LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat over the entire area to be treated. Do not overlap edges but be sure the edges of each piece butt firmly together. Trim length of mat to desired length and width. Once fully cured, install ceramic tile, porcelain or stone finish as directed in § 3.4C.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat
F. Pre-float Method: Over clean, dimensionally stable and sound concrete or masonry substrates, apply thick-bed mortar as scratch/leveling coat in compliance with current revision of A108.1A (1.0, 1.4 and 5.1). Float surface of scratch/leveling coat plumb, true and allow mortar to set until firm. For installation of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, brick or stone, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4H).
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE 3701 Fortified Mortar Bed
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
G. Lath and Plaster Method: Install cleavage membrane complying with current revision of ANSI A108.02 (3.8 Membrane or cleavage membrane). Install metal lath complying with the current revision of ANSI A108.01 (3.3 Requirements for lathing and portland cement plastering), ANSI A108.02 (3.6 Metal lath) and A108.1A (1.0 – 1.2, 1.4, and 5.1). Apply latex-portland cement mortar as scratch/leveling coat over wire lath, concrete or masonry in compliance with current revision of ANSI A108.01 (3.3.5.1) and A108.1A (1.4). Float surface of scratch/leveling coat plumb, true and allow mortar to set until firm. For installation of tile, brick or stone, follow Thin Bed Method (§ 3.4 H).
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE 3701 Fortified Mortar Bed
LATICRETE 254 Platinum
H. Thin Bed Method: Install latex portland cement mortar in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.11), A108.1B and ANSI A108.5. Use the appropriate trowel notch size to ensure proper bedding of the tile, brick or stone selected. Work the latex portland cement mortar into good contact with the substrate and comb with notched side of trowel. Spread only as much latex portland cement mortar as can be covered while the mortar surface is still wet and tacky. When installing large format (>8" x 8"/200 mm x 200 mm) tile/stone, rib/button/lug back tiles, pavers or sheet mounted ceramics/mosaics, spread latex portland cement mortar onto the back of (i.e. ‘back-butter’) each piece/sheet in addition to trowelling latex portland cement mortar over the substrate. Beat each piece/sheet into the latex portland cement mortar with a beating block or rubber mallet to insure full bedding and flatness. Allow installation to set until firm. Clean excess latex portland cement mortar from tile or stone face and joints between pieces.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE254 Platinum
I. Sound Abatement and Crack Suppression Adhesive (Thin Bed Method):
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick, and stone installed with traditional thin-bed mortars can be damaged by shrinkage related substrate cracking. Specify a sound abatement and crack suppression adhesive which complies with ANSI A118.12 to reduce crack propagation into veneers or hard finishes. Do not use a sound abatement and crack suppression adhesive if substrate cracking:
1. Is due to structural movement;
2. Involves vertical and/or differential movement;
3. Or, involves horizontal movement >1/8" (3 mm)
Install sound abatement and crack suppression adhesive in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.11), A108.1B and ANSI A108.5. Use the appropriate trowel notch size to ensure proper bedding of the tile, brick or stone selected. Work the sound abatement and crack suppression adhesive into good contact with the substrate and comb with notched side of trowel. Spread only as much sound abatement and crack suppression adhesive as can be covered while the mortar surface is still wet and tacky. When installing large format (>8" x 8"/200 mm x 200 mm) tile/stone, rib/button/lug back tiles, pavers or sheet mounted ceramics/mosaics, spread latex portland cement mortar onto the back of (i.e. ‘back-butter’) each piece/sheet in addition to trowelling latex portland cement mortar over the substrate. Beat each piece/sheet into the sound abatement and crack suppression adhesive with a beating block or rubber mallet to insure full bedding and flatness. Allow installation to set until firm. Clean excess sound abatement and crack suppression adhesive from tile or stone face and joints between pieces. Installations requiring sound control must be done with either a 1/4" x 3/8" (6 mm x 9 mm) square notch trowel or a 1/2" x 1/2" (12 mm x 12 mm) square notch trowel. Installations requiring only anti-fracture can be done using a 1/4" x 1/4" (6 mm x 6 mm) square notch trowel for maximum coverage.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials
LATICRETE® 125 Sound & Crack Adhesive
J. Grouting or Pointing:
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Select one of following and specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, trim unit:
1. Chemical Resistant, Water Cleanable Tile-Grouting Epoxy (ANSI A118.3): Follow manufacturer‘s recommendations for minimum cure time prior to grouting. Store liquid components of LATICRETE SpectraLOCK®† * PRO Grout for 24 hours at 70–80°F (21–27°C) prior to use to facilitate mixing and application. Substrate temperature must be 40–95°F (4–35°C). Verify joints are free of dirt, debris or grout spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off tile faces and remove water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, stone or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Cut open pouch and pour LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part A Liquid into a clean mixing pail. Then open pouch and pour LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part B Liquid into the mixing pail. Mix by hand or with a slow speed (<300 rpm) mixer until the two liquids are well blended. Then, while mixing, add LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout Part C Powder and blend until uniform. Install LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.02 (3.13) and ANSI A108.6 (3.0 – 4.0). Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using strokes diagonal (at 45° angle) to the grout lines, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Then hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to avoid pulling grout out of filled joints. Once excess grout is removed, a thin film/haze will be left. Initial cleaning of the remaining film/haze can begin approximately 20–30 minutes after grouting (wait longer at colder temperatures). Begin by mixing cleaning additive packet with 2 gallons (7.6 ) of clean water in a clean bucket to make cleaning solution. Dip a clean sponge into the bucket and then wring out cleaning solution until sponge is damp. Using a circular motion, lightly scrub grouted surfaces with the damp sponge to dissolve grout film/haze. Then drag sponge diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Rinse sponge frequently and change cleaning solution at least every 50 ft2 (4.7 m2). Discard sponges as they become "gummy" with residue. Within one (1) hour of finishing first cleaning, clean the same area again following the same procedure but utilizing a clean white scrub pad and fresh cleaning solution. Rinse scrub pad frequently. Drag a clean sponge diagonally over the scrubbed surfaces to remove froth. Use each side of sponge only once before rinsing and change cleaning solution at least every 50 ft2 (4.7 m2). Allow cleaned areas to dry and inspect tile/stone surface. For persistent grout film/haze (within 24 hours), repeat scrubbing procedure with undiluted white vinegar and clean pad. Rinse with clean water and allow surface to dry. Inspect grout joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed LATICRETE® SpectraLOCK®* PRO Grout†. Cautions: Do not use undiluted white vinegar on polished marble or limestone unless a test spot in an inconspicuous area indicates no change in finish appearance; Do not use acid cleaners on epoxy grout less than 7 days old.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE SpectraLOCK PRO Grout
2. Polymer Fortified Cement Grout (ANSI A118.7): Allow ceramic tile, mosaics, pavers, brick or stone installation to cure a minimum of 24 hours at 70°F (21°C). Verify grout joints are free of dirt, debris or tile spacers. Sponge or wipe dust/dirt off veneer face and remove any water standing in joints. Apply grout release to face of absorptive, abrasive, non-slip or rough textured ceramic tile, pavers, bricks, or trim units that are not hot paraffin coated to facilitate cleaning. Surface temperature must be between 40–90°F (4–32°C). Pour approximately 64 oz (1.9 ) of clean, potable water into a clean mixing container. Add a 25 lb (11.3 kg) bag of LATICRETE PermaColor™ Grout^ to the container while mixing. Mix by hand or with a slow speed mixer to a smooth, stiff consistency. Install latex fortified cement grout in compliance with current revisions of ANSI A108.1A (7.0 Grouting of tile), ANSI A108.02 (4.5 Cleaning tile) and ANSI A108.10. Dampen dry surfaces with clean water. Spread using a sharp edged, hard rubber float and work grout into joints. Using diagonal (at 45° angle to direction of grout line) strokes, pack joints full and free of voids/pits. Hold float face at a 90° angle to grouted surface and use float edge to "squeegee" off excess grout, stroking diagonally to reduce pulling grout out of filled joints. Initial cleaning can begin as soon as grout has become firm, typically 15–20 minutes after grouting at 70°F (21°C). Higher temperatures may require faster time to initial cleaning; wider joints or lower temperatures may require a longer time to initial cleaning. Begin initial cleaning by lightly dampening the entire grouted area with a damp sponge. Then wash clean the entire area with a damp (not wet) sponge. Drag a clean towel, dampened with water, or wipe a clean, dampened sponge, diagonally over the veneer face to remove any grout haze left after “squeegeeing.” Rinse towel/sponge frequently and change rinse water at least every 200 ft2 (19 m2). Repeat this cleaning sequence again if grout haze is still present. Allow grout joints to become firm. Buff surface of grout with clean coarse cloth. Inspect joint for pinholes/voids and repair them with freshly mixed grout. Within 24 hours, check for remaining haze and remove it with warm soapy water and a nylon scrubbing pad, using a circular motion, to lightly scrub surfaces and dissolve haze/film. Do not use acid cleaners on latex portland cement grout less than 10 days old.
NOTE TO SPECIFIER: Select one of following and specify color for each type/color of ceramic tile, mosaic, paver, trim unit:
1. Latex portland cement sanded floor grout for joint widths ≥1/16" (1.5 mm) and ≤1/2" (12 mm);
2. Latex portland cement unsanded grout for soft glazed tiles and soft/polished stone with joints widths ≤1/8" (3 mm).
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE PermaColor Grout
K. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide control or expansion joints as located in contract drawings and in full conformity, especially in width and depth, with architectural details.
1. Substrate joints must carry through, full width, to surface of tile, brick or stone.
2. Install expansion joints in tile, brick or stone work over construction/cold joints or control joints in substrates.
3. Install expansion joints where tile, brick or stone abut restraining surfaces (such as perimeter walls, curbs, columns, etc…), changes in plane and corners.
4. Joint width and spacing depends on application – follow TCNA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation” Detail "EJ-171 Expansion Joints" or consult sealant manufacturer for recommendation based on project parameters.
5. Joint width: ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1" (25 mm).
6. Joint width: depth ~2:1 but joint depth must be ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1/2" (12 mm).
7. Layout (field defined by joints): 1:1 length: width is optimum but must be ≤ 2:1. Remove all contaminants and foreign material from joint spaces/surfaces, such as dirt, dust, oil, water, frost, setting/grouting materials, sealers and old sealant/backer. Use LATICRETE Latasil™ 9118 Primer for underwater and permanent wet area applications, or for porous stone (e.g. limestone, sandstone etc…) installations. Install appropriate backing material (e.g. closed cell backer rod) based on expansion joint design and as specified in § 07920. Apply masking tape to face of tile, brick or stone veneer. Use caulking gun, or other applicator, to completely fill joints with sealant. Within 5–10 minutes of filling joint, ‘tool’ sealant surface to a smooth finish. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately.
Use the following LATICRETE System Materials
LATICRETE Latasil
LATICRETE Latasil 9118 Primer
L. Adjusting: Correction of defective work for a period of one (1) year following substantial completion, return to job and correct all defective work. Defective work includes, without limitation, tiles broken in normal abuse due to deficiencies in setting bed, loose tiles or grout, and all other defects which may develop as a result of poor workmanship.
3.5 Cleaning
Clean excess mortar/epoxy from veneer surfaces with water before they harden and as work progresses. Do not contaminate open grout/caulk joints while cleaning. Sponge and wash veneers diagonally across joints. Do not use acids for cleaning. Polish with clean dry cloth. Remove surplus materials and leave premises broom clean.
3.6 Protection
A. Protect finished installation under provisions of §01500 and §01535. Close areas to other trades and traffic until tile being installed has set firmly. Keep traffic off horizontal portland cement thick bed mortar installations for at least 72 hours at 70°F (21°C).
B. Keep floors installed with epoxy adhesive closed to traffic for 24 hrs at 70°F (21°C), and to heavy traffic for 48 hours at 70°F (21°C) unless instructed differently by manufacturer. Use kneeling boards, or equivalent, to walk/work on newly tiled floors. Cure tile work in swimming pools, fountains and other continuous immersion applications for 10 days for epoxy based grout and 14 days for latex portland cement based grout at 70°F (21°C) before flood testing or filling installation with water. Extend period of protection of tile work at lower temperatures, below 60°F (15°C), and at high relative humidity (>70% R.H.) due to retarded set times of mortar/adhesives. Replace or restore work of other trades damaged or soiled by work under this section.
Part 4 – Health and Safety
The use of personal protection such as rubber gloves, suitable dust masks, safety glasses and industrial clothing is highly recommended. Discarded packaging, product wash and waste water should be disposed of as per local, state or federal regulations.
10.6 Sample Mass Transit Application Details
The following index and list of details are examples of typical installations for mass transit ceramic tile and stone applications:
FLOORS:
ES-F101 – Concrete – Bonded Thick Bed Mortar
ES-F102 – Concrete – Thin Bed
ES-F103 – Concrete – Exterior Plaza & Deck System
ES-F111 – Concrete-Slab on Grade or Suspended – Unbonded Thick Bed
ES-F112 – Concrete – Bonded Mortar Bed
ES-F113 – Concrete – Thin Bed with Epoxy Grout
ES-F114 – Concrete – Thick Bed with Epoxy Grout
ES-F115 – Concrete – Thin Bed with Epoxy Grout
ES-F115B – Concrete – Thin Bed with Epoxy Grout and Waterproofing
ES-F205 – Concrete With Cementitious Self-Leveling Underlayment
ES-F121 – Concrete – Unbonded Thick Bed Mortar With Waterproofing
ES-F122 – Concrete – Thin Bed With Waterproofing
ES-F125 – Concrete – Crack Isolation Membrane (Partial Coverage)
ES-F125A – Concrete – Crack Isolation Membrane (Full Coverage)
ES-RH110 – Radiant Heat on Concrete
ES-F133A – Concrete Slab – Chemical Resistant Thin Bed
ES-F134A – Concrete Slab – Chemical Resistant Thick Bed
WALLS:
ES – W201 (I) – Bonded Leveling Bed Over Concrete / CMU With Lath
ES – W201 (E) – Bonded Leveling Bed Over Concrete / CMU With Lath and Waterproofing
ES – W202 (I) – Thin Bed Over Concrete / CMU
ES – W202 (E) – Thin Bed Over Concrete / CMU With Waterproofing
ES – W211 (I) – Bonded Leveling Over Concrete / CMU
ES – W211 (E) – Bonded Leveling Over Concrete / CMU
ES – W221 (I) – Lath and Plaster Method Over Concrete / CMU
ES – W221 (E) – Lath and Plaster Method Over Concrete / CMU With Waterproofing
ES – W241 (I) – Lath and Plaster Method Over Steel Framing
ES – W241 (E) – Lath and Plaster Method Over Steel Framing With Waterproofing
ES – W244 (I) – Thin Bed Method Over Cement Backer Board
ES – W244 (E) – Thin Bed Over Cement Backer Board With Waterproofing
ES – W302 – Structural Glazed Block With Epoxy Grout
ES – W260 – Epoxy Spot Bond Method Over Cement Backer Board
ES – W215 – Epoxy Spot Bond Method Over Concrete Masonry Units or Concrete
RENOVATIONS:
ES – TR301 – New Tile or Stone Over Existing Terrazzo Floors
ES – TR302 – New Tile or Stone Over Existing Resilient or Non –Water Soluble Cut Back Adhesive Floors
ES – TR712 – New Tile or Stone Over Existing Ceramic Tile or Stone Floors
ES – TR713(D) – New Tile or Stone Over Existing Ceramic Tile or Stone Walls
MISCELLANEOUS:
ES-S313 – Installation of Tile/stone Over Steel Substrates – Direct Bond – Epoxy Thin Bed Adhesive
ES-S314 – Installation of Tile/stone Over Steel Substrates – Thick Bed (Wire Lath, Plaster and Waterproofing Membrane)
ES-WP300 – Waterproofing Membrane – Typical Pipe Penetration
ES-WP301 – Waterproofing Membrane – Typical Drain Detail
ES-WP302 – Drain Detail – Exploded View
EXPANSION JOINT DETAILS:
EJ171-07 – Movement Joint Design Essentials (Insert all appropriate EJ Details)
EJ-01 – Typical Expansion Joint – Thick Bed Unbonded
EJ-02 - Typical Expansion Joint – Thick Bed Bonded
EJ-03 – Typical Isolation/Expansion Joint – Thin Bed
EJ-04 – Typical Control Joint – Thin Bed
EJ-05 – Typical Perimeter Joint – Thin Bed
EJ-06 – Typical Generic Movement Joint
EJ-07 – Typical Expansion Joint – Thin Bed
EJ-08 – Expansion Joint With Waterproofing Membrane Below Thick Bed
EJ-09 – Control Joint With Anti-Fracture Membrane
EJ-10 – Expansion Joint With Waterproofing Membrane Above Thick Bed
EJ-11 – Expansion Joint With Waterproofing Membrane – Thin Bed
EJ-14 – Cold Joint
EJ-15 – Movement Joint With Waterproofing Membrane – Unbonded Thick Bed
NOTE: For complete application information and limitations consult related Product Data Sheets and Execution Statements related to the following depicted details, and applicable industry standards. Complete execution statements/specifications and details are available at www.laticrete.com/ag
FLOORS:
Renovations
Miscellaneous
Expansion Joint Details:
EJ-171-09 – Expansion Joint Essentials
Expansion and Control Joints: Provide control or expansion joints as located in contract drawings and in full conformity, especially in width and depth, with architectural details.
1. Substrate joints must carry through, full width, to surface of tile, brick or stone.
2. Install expansion joints in tile, brick or stone work over construction/cold joints or control joints in substrates.
3. Install expansion joints where tile, brick or stone abut restraining surfaces (such as perimeter walls, curbs, columns, etc…), changes in plane and corners.
4. Joint width and spacing depends on application – follow TCA “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation” Detail "EJ-171 Expansion Joints" or consult sealant manufacturer for recommendation based on project parameters.
5. Joint width: ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1" (25 mm).
6. Joint width: depth ~2:1 but joint depth must be ≥1/8" (3 mm) and ≤1/2" (13 mm).
7. Layout (field defined by joints): 1:1 length: width is optimum but must be ≤ 2:1.
Remove all contaminants and foreign material from joint spaces/surfaces, such as dirt, dust, oil, water, frost, setting/grouting materials, sealers and old sealant/backer. Use LATICRETE® Latasil™ 9118 Primer for underwater and permanent wet area applications, or for porous stone (e.g. limestone, sandstone etc…) installations. Install appropriate Backing Material (e.g. closed cell backer rod) based on expansion joint design and as specified in § 07920. Apply masking tape to face of tile, brick or stone veneer. Use caulking gun, or other applicator, to completely fill joints with sealant. Within 5–10 minutes of filling joint, ‘tool’ sealant surface to a smooth finish. Remove masking tape immediately after tooling joint. Wipe smears or excess sealant off the face of non-glazed tile, brick, stone or other absorptive surfaces immediately.
Use the following LATICRETE® System Materials
LATICRETE Latasil
LATICRETE Latasil 9118 Primer
10.7 LATICRETE® Architectural Guidebook
10.8 References
All industry references are the intellectual property of their respective owners:
TCA Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation 46th Edition. Tile Council of North America, Inc. Anderson, SC, 2009.
American National Standard Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile. Tile Council of North America, Inc. Anderson, SC, 2009.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, PA, 2001.
Floor and Trench Drains - ASME A112.6.3-2001. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. New York, NY, 2001.
International Building Code, International Code Council. Country Club Hills, IL, 2009.
International Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings, International Code Council. Country Club Hills, IL, 2009.
LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction. U.S Green Building Council. Washington, D.C., 2009.
LEED Schools Reference Guide. U.S. Green Building Council. Washington D.C., 2007.
Lightweight Steel Framing Binder. Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute. Cambridge, ON, Canada, 1991.
North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. American Iron and Steel Institute. Washington D.C., 2001.
ICBO ER-4943P Product Technical Information. Steel Stud Manufacturers Association. Chicago, IL, 2001.
Steel Framing Systems Manual. Metal Lath Steel Framing Association. Chicago, IL.
Ahuja, V. (2004), Air quality sciences report. Downloaded from Google search engine, May 16, 2005
Air Quality Sciences, (2002), Testing building materials for emissions. Troy: Adhesives and Sealants Industry, August 2002. Vol. 9, Iss. 7; page 24
Black, M. (2002) Sustainable building practices lead to healthier indoor air quality. Environmental design and construction, September / October 2002
Bowen, T. (2004) California tests conventional and “green” products for emissions. Architectural Record.
New York, June 2004. Volume 192, Issue 6, page 299. Downloaded from the ProQuest Data Base on May 17, 2005.
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