Table of Contents
1.2 Tile and Stone in Mass Transit Facilities
1.3 History of Ceramic Tile in Mass Transit Facilities
Controlling Stresses with Movement (Expansion) Joints
Requirements of Building Design
2.3 Substrate Condition and Preparation
Evaluation of Substrate Condition
Concrete Curing – Age of Concrete
Potential Bond Breaking Materials
Substrate Preparation Equipment and Procedures
Typical Concrete Surface Profiles to Accept Tile/Stone Finishes
Asphaltic Waterproofing Membranes
Testing for Moisture Content in Concrete
Commonly Used Moisture Test Procedures
Calcium Chloride Test (ASTM F 1869)
Relative Humidity (in-situ) Test (ASTM F 2170
Plastic Sheet Test (ASTM D 4263)
Efflorescence Removal Methods and Materials
Mild Reinforcement Concrete Slabs
Pre-Tensioned (Pre-Cast) Concrete Slabs
Steel Frame (Deck) Concrete Slabs
Tile Installation Over Suspended Concrete Slabs
Concrete or Mortar Bed Substrates
3.1 Structural Considerations (Walls and Tunnels)
3.4 Concrete Masonry Units (CMU)
Cementitious Backer Units (CBU)
Coated Glass Mat Water-Resistant Gypsum Backer Board
Fiber Reinforced Water Resistant Gypsum Backer Board
Cementitious Coated Foam Board
3.6 Substrate Condition and Preparation
Evaluation of Substrate Condition
Surface and Ambient Temperature
Section 4 COMPARISONS OF ALTERNATE MASS TRANSIT FLOORING AND WALL CLADDING SYSTEMS
4.1 Seamless Epoxy Flooring Systems
General Information on Epoxy Coating / Flooring Systems
Epoxy Coating / Flooring Facts
4.3 Terrazzo Floors (Cement Based and Resin Based)
4.4 Sand Set and Bitumen Set Pavers vs. Mortar Set Pavers
Section 5 TYPES OF TILE AND STONE FOR MASS TRANSIT APPLICATIONS
5.1 Why Use Ceramic Tile in Mass Transit Applications
5.2 Selection Criteria for Finish Materials
5.4 Use of Ceramic Tile in Roadway and Metro Tunnels
5.5 Quarry Tile / Klinker Tile
5.7 Abrasive Tile and Treatments
5.9 Natural Stone and Agglomerates
5.10 Color, Temperature and Moisture Sensitivity
5.11 Expansion and Contraction of Tile Finishes
5.12 Panelized Vertical Tile and Stone Systems
Pre-Cast Concrete Panels – Negative and Positive Cast Methods
Pre-Cast Concrete Panels – Differential Movement (Internal to Panel)
Pre-Cast Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels (GFRC)
Pre-Fabricated Steel Frame and Cement Backer Unit (CBU) Wall Panels
Section 6 TYPES OF WATERPROOFING AND CRACK ISOLATION MEMBRANES
6.4 Recycled Rubber Mat Type Membranes
Section 7 TYPES OF MORTARS / ADHESIVES / GROUTS
7.1 Adhesive and Mortar Performance and Selection Criteria
Criteria for Selection of Adhesives and Mortars
7.2 Types of Adhesives and Mortars
Redispersible Polymer Fortified Cement Mortar
Types of Redispersible (Polymeric) Powders
Liquid Latex Fortified Cement Mortar
Bonding Agents (Slurry Bond Coats)
Application Methods for Mass Transit Applications
7.4 Types of Grout and Joint Fillers
Materials for Joint Grouting and Sealing
Polymer Fortified Cement Grout
Epoxy Grout – Industrial Grade
7.5 Typical Renders and Details for Mass Transit Applications
Section 8 METHODS OF INSTALLATION
8.1 Traditional Installation Equipment and Procedures
Weather and Substrate Preparation
8.2 Access for Vertical Installations (Scaffolding)
8.3 Finish Material Preparation
8.4 Adhesive Mixing Equipment and Procedures
Types of Adhesives and Equipment
Latex Cement Based Adhesive Mortars
8.5 Waterproofing / Crack Isolation Membranes
Spraying Liquid Applied Membranes
8.6 Finish Material Installation Equipment and Procedures
Installation of Ceramic Tile and Stone Finishes
Equipment for Application and Bedding of Adhesives and Grout Joints
Cutting / Fitting of Finish Materials
8.7 Installation Procedure for Finishes Using Thin Bed Adhesives
Thin Bed Installation Procedure
8.8 Grout and Sealant Materials Selection, Methods and Equipment
Purpose of Grout or Sealant Joints
Compensate for Tile Thickness Tolerance
8.9 Post Installation Cleaning
8.10 Mechanical Means and Methods
8.11 Renovations of Existing Mass Transit Facilities
Section 9 MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION
9.2 Preventative and Corrective Maintenance
9.3 Protection and Sealing – Water Repellent Sealers and Coatings
9.6 Types, Causes and Remediation of Defects
9.7 Alternative to Using Sealers
Section 10 INDUSTRY STANDARDS, BUILDING REGULATIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS
10.2 Sustainability and Mass Transit
10.2 Building Codes and Regulations
10.5 Sample Mass Transit Application Details
ES-F101 – Concrete – Bonded Thick Bed Mortar Bed
ES-F103 – Concrete – Exterior Plaza & Deck System
ES-F111 – Concrete – Slab-On-Grade or Suspended - Unbonded Thick Bed
ES-F112 – Concrete – Bonded Mortar Bed
ES-F114 – Concrete – Thick Bed with Epoxy Grout
ES-F115 – Concrete – Thin Bed with Epoxy Grout
ES-F115B – Concrete – Thin Bed with Epoxy Grout with Waterproofing
ES-F205 – Concrete with Cementitious Self-Leveling Underlayment
ES-F121 – Concrete – Unbonded Thick Bed Mortar with Waterproofing
ES-F122 – Concrete – Thin Bed with Waterproofing
ES-F125 – Concrete – Crack Isolation Membrane (Partial Coverage)
ES-F125A – Concrete – Crack Isolation Membrane (Full Coverage)
ES-RH110 – Radiant Heat on Concrete
ES-F133A – Concrete Slab-Chemical Resistant Thin Bed
ES-F134A – Concrete Slab-Chemical Resistant Thick Bed
ES-W201 (I) – Bonded Leveling Bed over Concrete / CMU with lath
ES-W201(E) – Bonded Leveling Bed over Concrete / CMU with lath and waterproofing
ES-W202 (I) – Thin Bed over Concrete / CMU
ES-W202 (E) – Thin Bed over Concrete / CMU with waterproofing
ES-W211 (I) – Bonded Leveling over Concrete / CMU
ES-W211 (E) – Bonded Leveling over Concrete / CMU
ES-W221 (I) – Lath and Plaster Method Over Concrete / CMU
ES-W221 (E) – Lath and Plaster Method Over Concrete / CMU with waterproofing
ES-W241 (I) – Lath and Plaster Method Over Steel Framing
ES-W241 (E) – Lath and Plaster Method Over Steel Framing with Waterproofing
ES-W244 (I) – Thin Bed Method over Cement Backer Board
ES-W244 (E) – Thin Bed Method over Cement Backer Board with Waterproofing
ES-W302 – Structural Glazed Block with Epoxy Grout
ES-W260 – Epoxy Spot Bond Method over Cement Backer Board
ES-W215 – Epoxy Spot Bond Method over Concrete Masonry Units or Concrete
ES-TR301 – New Tile or Stone over Existing Terrazzo Floors
ES-TR302 – New Tile or Stone over Existing Resilient or Cut-Back Adhesive Floors
ES-TR712 – New Tile or Stone over Existing Ceramic Tile or Stone Floors
ES-TR713 (D) – New Tile or Stone over Existing Ceramic Tile or Stone Walls
ES-S313 – Installation of Tile/stone over Steel Substrates – Direct Bond – Epoxy Thin Bed Adhesive
ES-WP300 – Waterproofing Membrane – Typical Pipe Penetration
ES-WP301 – Waterproofing Membrane – Typical Drain Detail
ES-WP302 – Drain Detail – Exploded View
EXPANSION JOINT DETAILS:
EJ171-07 – Movement Joint Design Essentials
EJ-01 – Typical Expansion Joint – Thick Bed Unbonded
EJ-02 – Typical Expansion Joint – Thick Bed Bonded
EJ-03 – Typical Isolation/Expansion Joint – Thin Bed
EJ-04 – Typical Control Joint – Thin Bed
EJ-05 – Typical Perimeter Joint – Thin Bed
EJ-06 – Typical Generic Movement Joint
EJ-07 – Typical Expansion Joint – Thin Bed
EJ-08 – Expansion Joint With Waterproofing Membrane Below Thick Bed
EJ-09 – Control Joint With Anti-Fracture Membrane
EJ-10 – Expansion Joint With Waterproofing Membrane Above Thick Bed (looped)
EJ-11 – Expansion Joint With Waterproofing Membrane – Thin Bed (looped)
EJ-15 – Movement Joint With Waterproofing Membrane – Unbonded Thick Bed
10.6 LATICRETE® Architectural Guidebook
11.2 Resource Guide – Trade Organizations and Technical Resources
Special thanks to Mr. Richard Goldberg, Architect AIA, CSI for his contributions to this technical design manual. Authored by the LATICRETE International, Inc. Technical Services Staff